西班牙語(yǔ)音系

西語(yǔ)把大家拉丁的元音系統(tǒng)軟件簡(jiǎn)單化為五個(gè)元音-- a. e, i, o, u。 五個(gè)元音的發(fā)音都清晰明確，無(wú)論是在元音是不是是在重音部位。除開(kāi)a之外，古典拉丁中的短元音都會(huì)西班牙文中經(jīng)歷了裂化， 如：

porta->puerta

herba->hierba

古典拉丁文中的長(zhǎng)元音并是重音部位上的e, o在西班牙文上都被i, u替代，而短元音并不是重音部位的i,u在西班牙文中被e, o替代，如：

feci->hice

重音落在詞末的音節(jié)上，或者*后第二個(gè)音節(jié)上，或者*后第三個(gè)音節(jié)上。這一重音是在拼讀中表明出去的。同古典拉丁文相較為，西班牙文的重音主要表現(xiàn)出向有r這一音的音節(jié)上靠的狀況：

tenebrae->tinieblas

古典拉丁文中的元音間的輔音p, t, c 在西班牙文中被濁化為b, d, g， 如：

apotheca(th相當(dāng)于t,由于h不發(fā)音)->bodega

元音間的d消退，如：

cadere->caer

元音間的g消退或是變?yōu)橐粋€(gè)介音j, 寫做y, 如：

legere->leer

reges->reyes

而元音間的b被*存，可是趨向于和v一樣發(fā)成爆破音，如：

habere->haber

古典拉丁文中的開(kāi)首的f被一個(gè)沒(méi)發(fā)一切音的h替代，如：

facere->hacer

輔音群ct, lt轉(zhuǎn)變成ch (act變成ech), 如：

octo->ocho

multu->mucho

lactua->lechuga.

(注：這一狀況便是之前我講的yod狀況。輔音c和l被腭化，隨后變?yōu)橄骿一樣的發(fā)音，那樣yod就會(huì)有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)生了。)

輔音群cl, fl, pl 腭化變?yōu)閘l, 如：

clamo->llamo

flama- >llama

ploro->lloro

元音輔音群ali, eli, ili, oli, uli轉(zhuǎn)變成aj, ej, ij, oj, uj, 如：

alium->ajo

filius->hijo

mulier->mujer

輔音群lr, mr, nr被插入b或是d, 變?yōu)閘dr, mbr, ndr, 如：

venir he->vendre

注：這兒b, d的插進(jìn)是以便協(xié)助發(fā)音，擁有b, d的干預(yù)，更為非常容易發(fā)音。

以s開(kāi)首的的詞被再加了一個(gè)e, 如：

stare->estar

下列是全文：

SPANISH PHONOLOGY

Spanish has simplified the Vulgar Latin vocal system to only 5 open vowels (as in Classic Latin) -- a. e, i, o, u -- that are pronounced clearly and without reduction in both stressed and unstressed positions. The vowels, that are short in Classic Latin, diphthongate when stressed in Spanish except for a, cf.:

CL porta door -> Sp. puerta;

CL herba grass -> Sp. hierba.

The long stressed vowels e, o are replaced by i, u and the short unstressed vowels i, u -- by e, o, cf.:

CL fêci (I) did -> Sp. hice.

The accent may fall on the ultimate, penultimate or antepenultimate syllable. Its place is recognizable from orthography. As compared with the accent of Classical Latin, it shows a tendency to move towards a syllable containing -r, cf.:

CL tenebrae darkness -> Sp. tinieblas.

The Latin consonants p, t, c between vowels are voiced to b, d, g in Spanish, cf.:

CL apotheca (th=t) store-room -> Sp. bodega.

The intervocalic -d- disappears, cf.:

CL cadere to fall -> Sp. caer

and the intervocalic -g- may disappear or become a glide sound [j] written y, cf.

CL legere to read -> Sp. leer

CL reges kings -> Sp. reyes,

while the intervocalic -b- is preserved, but tends to become aspirated as v, cf.

CL habere to have -> Sp. haber.

The initial f- is replaced by a mute h-, cf.

CL facere to do -> Sp. hacer.

The consonant clusters ct, lt are transformed to ch (act to ech), cf.:

CL octo eight -> Sp. ocho,

CL multu(m) much, many -> Sp. mucho,

CL lactuca lettuce -> Sp. lechuga.

The clusters cl, fl, pl are palatalized to ll, cf.:

CL clamo (I) call -> Sp. llamo,

CL flama flame -> Sp. llama,

CL ploro (I) weep -> Sp. lloro.

The clusters ali, eli, ili, oli, uli are transformed to aj, ej, ij, oj, uj, cf.:

CL alium garlic -> Sp. ajo,

CL filius son -> Sp. hijo,

CL mulier woman -> Sp. mujer etc.

The clusters lr, mr, nr are divided by epenthetic -b- or -d- and become ldr, mbr, ndr, as in:

venir to come he (I) have -> vendré (I) will come.

The words beginning with s- followed by a consonant (s impure) receive a prothetic e-, cf.:

CL stare to stand -> Sp. estar.